The story of climate technology transfers reveals both the pitfalls of older North–South models and the opportunities that new forms of cooperation present. Traditional approaches have been constrained by credit rating biases, intellectual property barriers, and the chronic underdelivery of international climate finance. While China has forced technology transfers in a way that few other countries can, this has not been without its pitfalls.
Water is a fundamental feature of the African continent, and it is often unequally distributed. As noted by the WWF, countries around the African continent normally share important water basins, yet the increasing construction of dams and reservoirs exacerbates droughts and floods, and centralizes water collection and supply.Â
